Overview

A diamond's transparency — its ability to transmit light without internal scattering — is fundamental to brilliance. Yet no line on a GIA or IGI report grades transparency directly. The clarity grade evaluates inclusions by size, number, position, and relief, but it does not measure how those inclusions collectively affect the passage of light through the stone. This gap means a diamond graded VS1 can, in some cases, appear less lively than an SI1 stone with better transparency.

Transparency problems manifest as a milky, hazy, or cloudy appearance. The diamond looks washed out, as though viewed through frosted glass. Brilliance drops, fire diminishes, and the stone may appear lifeless despite meeting respectable clarity and cut specifications on paper. These issues are more common than many buyers expect, and they are not limited to low-grade stones.

Key Concepts

Clarity grade does not equal transparency. The GIA clarity scale assesses individual inclusions. A diamond filled with microscopic clouds — too small to affect the clarity grade individually — can still scatter enough light in aggregate to reduce transparency significantly. See Cloud Inclusions & Transparency.

Milky diamonds look white or washed-out. A milky appearance is typically caused by dense concentrations of sub-microscopic inclusions (often pinpoints or clouds) that diffuse light before it can return to the viewer's eye. The effect ranges from a faint haze visible only under magnification to an obvious whiteness that dulls the stone entirely. See Milky Diamonds.

Haze reduces contrast and life. Where milkiness is a white veil, haze is subtler — a loss of crispness in the light-and-dark pattern that gives a well-cut diamond its visual punch. Hazy diamonds still return light, but with diminished contrast between bright and dark facets. See Hazy Diamonds.

Internal graining distorts light paths. Graining lines result from irregularities in the crystal lattice formed during growth. When pronounced, they bend light unpredictably, creating a wavy or blurry appearance that no amount of repolishing can resolve. See Internal Graining.

Surface polish affects transparency from the outside in. Poor polish leaves microscopic scratches and residual haze on facet surfaces, scattering light before it even enters the stone. Unlike internal causes, polish haze is a manufacturing defect reflected in the polish grade on the report. See Poor Polish Haze.

Practical Tips

Do not trust the clarity grade alone. A VS2 with heavy cloud inclusions can look worse than a clean SI1. Always request images or video showing the diamond face-up under standard lighting.
Look for "clouds not shown" on the plot. When a GIA report notes clouds that are not plotted on the clarity diagram, it may indicate a diffuse cloud affecting transparency. This comment deserves closer inspection.
Compare light performance. If the seller provides ASET or Idealscope images, check for even light return. A transparency problem often shows as muddy or washed-out areas where crisp red (ASET) or pink (Idealscope) should appear.
Ask about polish grade. Diamonds graded Excellent or Very Good for polish rarely suffer from surface haze. If the polish grade is Good or lower, inspect carefully for surface-level scattering.

What the Child Articles Cover

Milky Diamonds — causes, identification, and how milkiness relates to sub-microscopic inclusions and fluorescence.
Hazy Diamonds — subtle transparency loss, how it differs from milkiness, and what to look for in images.
Cloud Inclusions & Transparency — how cloud-type inclusions affect light transmission and when they matter for visual quality.
Internal Graining — crystal lattice irregularities, their visual impact, and why they cannot be polished away.
Poor Polish Haze — surface-level light scattering from manufacturing defects and its relationship to the polish grade.

Transparency Problems

Milky Diamond

Hazy Diamond

Cloud Inclusions and Transparency

Internal Graining

Poor Polish Haze